Wheel dressing apparatus



Nov. 10, 1953 N. HOGLUND 2,658,497

WHEEL. DRESSING APPARATUS Filed July 12, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet l Fig.1

l *1 I! \Hl Fl .2;

I I lllll INVENTOR.

Nov. 10, 1953 N. HOGLUND 7 WHEEL DRESSING APPARATUS Filed July 12, 19506 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.3

Nov. 10, 1953 N. HOGLUND 2,658,497

WHEEL DRESSING APPARATUS Filed July 12, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 6H,- 1 i881 1 I O I .0 A l :0 I v {g Fi 7 22 23 L A! 20 22 I o 21 77 O "ifINVENTOR.

Ni Ls Ho ilund ATIOR Y Nov. 10, 1953 N. HOGLUND 2,658,497

WHEEL DRESSING APPARATUS Filed July 12, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 l o o i oo 9 00 F 8 r? .1, o a

- INVENTOR. N i l s H an d ATTO E Y Nov. 10, 1953 N. HOGLUND 2,658,497

WHEEL DRESSING APPARATUS Filed July 12, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 11 F 12 Q89 O as i 28 FIIAL 12 92 i d 9 .A

INVENTOR. Nil; Ho glund BY. WM 4 ATT NEY Nov. 10, 1953 N. HOGLUND WHEELDRESSING APPARATUS 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July 12, 1950 INVENTOR. .NilsHo lund BY mam aw ATTOR EY Patented Nov. 10, 1953 UNITED STATEQ PATENTOFFICE WHEEL DRESSING APPARATUS Nils Hoglund, Union, N. J.

Application July 12, 1950, Serial No. 173,419

12 Claims.

My invention relates to wheel dressing apparatus, more particularly toapparatus for automatically dressing, turning and forming precisecontours on grinding wheels.

Prior apparatus for forming contours have employed different methods,one such being the conventional crushing method where a preshapedcrusher roller is used for forming the wheel. Another employs a diamonddressing de vice which uses a template usually having a oneto-one ratiowhich is contacted by a follower to guide the diamond across the wheelbeing dressed. A modification of the last is a dressing device operatingfrom a template with a one-to-one radial ratio and a two-to-one axialratio, so designed that a follower and the template are travelling at atwo-to-one ratio in the same di-- rection, causing the diamond toproduce the oneto-one ratio contour on the wheel in both coordinates.Other devices of this kind have also utilized a pantograph arrangementwhich supports the cutting diamond. Dressing devices of previousapparatus have usually employed as the prime movers complicatedhydraulic mechanisms which are comparatively costly.

Further, due to the small ratio employed in some of the contour cams andfollowers associated therewith, error is introduced in the contour beingformed unless the cam is extremely accurate, This requires careful,arduous and long preparation in manufacturing the cam.

Previous devices of this kind have also been complicated, requiring muchspace. In many cases the devices are not automatically controlled forsuccessively passing the cutting diamond across the face of the wheelbeing dressed. Manual control of this operation induces further error.

It is, therefore, an object of my invention to provide an improved andsimplified form of wheel dressing apparatus.

A further object of my invention is to provide such an improvedapparatus which assures accurate contours by eliminating the need forpantograph operation which introduces cumulative error during operation.

A further object of my invention is to eliminate hydraulic operation andto utilize electrical driving means of simple form.

A further object of my invention is to provide an apparatus utilizingcams enlarged many times over the contour being dressed and of the orderof, for example, ten times for controlling movement of the cutting toolwhereby error is eliminated and accuracy assured.

A still further object of my invention is to pro vide cams having asufficiently large ratio so that the contour on the cams can be easilyretouched to correct for any inaccuracies shown on the finished contour.

A further object of my invention is to provide such an apparatus whichis compact and which is automatic and which eliminates the skillrequired for dressing when manual operation or semi-manual operation isemployed.

These and other further objects will appear hereinafter.

In accordance with my invention I provide a grinding wheel dressingmechanism including a base for supporting a movable housing mounted formovement transversely of the grinding wheel, whose contour is to bedressed. The housing supports a dressing tool including a cuttingdiamond mounted on a movable support which can be moved vertically upand down in accordance with a predetermined pattern as the housing movestransversely of the grinding wheel surface. The result is to reproduce acontour determined by a cam mechanism controlling movement of thediamond tool and its support.

Mounted within the housing is a slide support ing a pair of cams, one ofwhich cooperates with the fixed member and determines movement of thehousing as a whole, and the other of which cooperates with a camfollower in turn controlling the vertical movement of a slide on whichthe cutting tool is mounted. A driving means in the form of an electricmotor and rack mechanism moves the cam slide within the housing forcausing movement of the housing along the supporting base and themovement of the dressing diamond vertically with respect to the base.The cams can be made interchangeable to vary the movement of the housingand the movement of the tool in the predetermined manner so as to governthe ratio of the movement of the housing to the cam slide and to themovement of the dressing tool.

The novel features which I believe to be characteristic of my inventionare set forth with particularity in the appended claims, but theinvention itself will best be understood by reference to the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in whichFigure 1 is a plan view of a dressing apparatus made according to myinvention, Figure 2 is a front end elevation of Figure 1, Figure 3 is aside elevation of Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 is a perspective from therear of apparatus made according to my invention, Figure 5 is a planview of the base assembly, Figure 6 is a section taken along the line6-5 of Figure 5, Figure '7 is a front end elevation of Figure withcertain details added and shown in section, Figure 8 is a plan view withparts removed to show details of construction of the cam slide and camfollower mechanism, Figure 9 is a section taken along the line 9--9 ofFig- 8, Figure 10 is a plan view of the tool slide housing, Figure 11 isa section taken along the line |l-Il of Figure 10, Figure 12 is asection taken along line l2-|2 of Figure 10, Figure 13 is a view of amodified form of dressing tool and support, and Figure 14 shows amodified form of cam and follower for producing a grinding Wheel of theform shown in Figure 15 for grinding gear teeth.

Referring to Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, apparatus made in accordance withmy invention includes base 29 having leg portions 2| and 22 forsupporting the base. The cross slide housing assembly includes theT-shaped housing frame 23 having cover members 24 and 25. An electricdriving motor 26 is supported on the cover 24. The diamond dressing toolsupport and assembly 21 is supported on the back cover 25 and supportsthe dressing tool 28 for vertical movement. The dressing tool issupported on a slide to be described. The housing 23, motor 26 and toolsupport and assembly 27 are slidably mounted on the base 20 for movementlongitudinally of the base and transversely of the surface of a grindingwheel to be dressed. The tool 28 is mounted for vertical movement as itis moved transversely of the surface of the grinding wheel beingdressed. Spring members 29 and 30 are received within cavities to bedescribed in the base and contact spring retainer elements 3i and 32 onthe housing frame of the cross slide assembly to urge the assembly tothe rear or right as shown in the right elevation shown in Figure 3.Spring guide rods mounted on the retainers help support the springs.

A pin and cam mechanism determines the extent of the movement of thecross slide assembly and a second cam and cam slide follower mechanismto be described determine the vertical movement of the diamond tool.These members are enclosed within the housing. The motor 26 incooperation with mechanism to be described furnishes the motive power toproduce both motions; that is, of the cross slide housing assembly andthe tool. As the cross slide housing assembly is moved longitudinally ofthe base or trans-- versely of the surface of the wheel being dressed.the dressing tool 28 will be moved according to a predetermined patternin a vertical direction both up and down so that as the tool movestransversely across the surface of the wheel being dressed it will cut acontour of predetermined design on the surface of the grinding wheel.

Base assembly As shown in Figures 4 to 6, the base assembly includingthe base 20 and having legs 2| and 22 supports the ball bearing slideguide having the apertured portion 4| for receiving a portion of thediamond tool support. Ball bearing as semblies 42 and 43 are received inthe slots in the slide guide and provide a ball bearing support for thehousing frame 23. The entire cross slide housing assembly can slidelongitudinally of the base on these ball bearing supports.

Mounted on the front end of the base is the cam follower pin 44 mountedon the slide 45, held in place by cover 46. The slide 45 and pin 44 canbe moved longitudinally by the lead screw 41. They can be adjusted bymeans of the adjusting Wheel 48 longitudinally of the base and locked infixed position by the locking screw 49. The base is provided with a pairof biasing spring cavities, such as 50, for receiving springs 29 and 30.As will be described in further detail below, adjustment of the pin 44determines the initial position of the cross slide housing assembly andalso co-acts with a cam to be described to cause movement of thehousing.

Cross slide operating mechanism Referring to Figures 8 and 9, adescription will be given of the mechanism for controlling thelongitudinal movement of the cross slide housing assembly.

Within the housing is a ball bearing supported slide 55 supported byball bearing retainers 5B and 51, which are preloaded by means of screws58, 59 and 60. This slide can move transversely of the longitudinal axisof the base. The slide supports on its upper surface a rack 6|, which isdriven by the motor 26 through the driving gear 62. Electrical circuits,not shown or described, control the direction of rotation of the motor,such that the slide is reciprocated back and forth within the housing,the motor being automatically reversed when the slide reaches eitherposition.

This slide carries a pair of cams, one on its under surface to causelongitudinal movement of the housing and one on the upper surface tocause vertical movement of the dressing tool. The feed cam 63 on theunder surface of the slide 55 and which controls the longitudinalmovement of the housing, is an elongated triangularshaped cam. Itengages the cam follower pin 44 previously described. Pin 44 contactsthe inclined edge of the cam 63, the springs 29 and 30 urging the crossslide housing assembly and cam against the pin 44 or to the right asshown in Figure 9.

As the slide 55 is reciprocated back and forth and as the slide and cammove to the left, see Figure 8, the cross slide housing assembly ismoved to the left as shown in Figure 9, inasmuch as the pin 44 isstationary. As the slide and cam move to the right, the housing assemblyis urged backward or to the right viewed in Figure 9 as less of thewidth of the cam is presented to the pin. Thus a reciprocating movementof the cross slide housing assembly results as the motor drives theslide back and forth through the rack and pinion drive.

Referring to Fig. 9 it is obvious that as the adjusting wheel 48 isrotated the position of the pin 44 is varied so that with the cam 63stationary as the pin is moved to the left, the entire housing is movedto the left and as the pin is moved to the right the entire housing isurged to the right by the spring members 29 and an.

It is also obvious that by changing the slope of the surface of the cam63 that the ratio of the nliovement of the cross slide housing can bevaried a so.

Contour and ratio cam for diamond tool slide assembly To move thediamond tool vertically as the cross slide assembly is moved parallel tothe surface being dressed, I provide a contour and rat1o cam assemblyfor operating the tool slide support according to a designed pattern.

As shown in Figure 8, I provideon the upper surface of the slide 55 thecontour templet or cam 110 having the formed cam surface edge H.Cooperating therewith is the slide 12 having the cam follower 13cooperating with the cam edge H. A spring 14 mounted on a guide andsupport pin 15 fixed to the housing 23 is in con tact with the springretainer '56 fixed to slide 112. Spring M is under compression andbiases the slide 12 and cam follower (3 against the contour cam 18. Thepin 15 extends through an aperture in retainer 16 so that the slide canmove freely with respect to the pin.

Slide 12 carries thereon a vertically positioned ratio cam 11, whichcauses vertical movement of the tool slide when the slide 12 is causedto move back and forth in the housing. Prior to describing this action,the tool slide and support will be described.

Diamond tool slide and support As shown in Figures to 12 inclusive,there is mounted on the cover member 25 the diamond tool slide assemblydesignated generally at 21. A tool slide 80 is mounted for verticalmovement in the supporting housing member 8! by ball bearing assemblies82 and 83. The slide carries cam follower pin 84 which contacts theratio cam ll mounted on the slide 1'2. A biasing spring 85 mounted onthe guide and support pin 86 fixed in the supporting housing member 8!abuts against spring retainer member 81 carried on slide 80. The pinextends through an aperture in the retainer to permit relative movementbetween the slide and pin. Diamond holder support '88 is secured to theslide. Releasable diamond holder 89 has mounted there dressing diamond28. The position of the diamond 28 can be varied vertically by adjustingscrew BI and locked by locking screw 92. A dust cover 93 protects theinternal structure.

Thus, as slide 55 is reciprocated back and forth, the cam 10 also movesback and forth and the cam follower 12 moves parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the base in accordance with the pattern of the edgeof the cam. As the slide I2 moves back and forth it also carries with itthe General operation From the above it is clear as the slide 55 isreciprocated by motor 26 and the rack and pinion '5! and M and carriesthe cams 63 and 10 back and forth, the entire cross slide housingassembly is moved longitudinally of the base in accordance with the cam63 and the tool is caused to move vertically in accordance with thecontour of the cam 18 so that as the dressing tool moves transversely ofthe wheel being dressed, the tool moves up and down or in and out toproduce on the grinding wheel surface a contour in accordance with theedge H of the cam 10.

In Figure 13 I show a modified form of the dressing tool and its supportin which the support 89 has mounted on its ends dressing tool supports85 and 91 supporting diamond dressing tools 96 and 98. This arrangementpermits the dressing of grinding wheels in a manner to make such wheelsuseful for grinding gear teeth, as best shown in Figures 14 and 15. Inthis arrangement I utilize a cam 18 having a contour edge H and mountthis in place of the cam F0 in Figure 8. As the housing moves back andforth the follower 13 moves in accordance with the contour of the edge Hof the cam 18'.

Referring now to Figure 15, the diamond 96 and diamond 98 can be seenrelative to the surface of a grinding wheel being dressed. As thediamond 96 travels back and forth along lines A, B, C, I, J, and E thediamond 98 will travel along the lines D, I, J, F, G, H. When thedressing diamond 95 is at A, dressing diamond 98 is at D; when diamond96 is at B, dressing diamond 98 is at F, when diamond 96 is at E,diamond 98 is at H. It will be observed there is an overlap at I and Jto insure an accurately formed contour. By inclining the diamonds towardeach other the point of the diamonds are for all practical purposesperpendicular to the contour being dressed. This prolongs the life ofthe diamond as only a small portion of the diamond radius is in contactwith the wheel. Also the contour of the grinding wheel becomes shallowto the axis of the diamonds.

While I have indicated the preferred embodiments of my invention ofwhich I am now aware and have also indicated only one specificapplication for which my invention may be employed, it will be apparentthat my invention is by no means limited to the exact forms illustratedor the use indicated, but that many variations may be made in theparticular structure used and the purpose for which it is employedwithout departing from the scope of my invention as set forth in theappended claims.

What I claim as new is:

l. A. grinding wheel contour forming apparatus including a base, a crossslide housing as sembly slidably mounted on said base for movement alongsaid base, and comprising a housing, a first slide within said housingmovable transversely of said base, and means on said base contactingsaid first slide for causing longitudinal movement of said cross slidehousing assembly along said base, a second slide within said housingmovable parallel to the movement of said housing assembly and relativethereto and contacting and controlled by said first slide, and a thirdslide on said housing and movable normally of said second slide andcontrolled by said second slide and a forming tool mounted on said thirdslide, movement of said first slide causing movement of said housingassembly along said base and movement of said forming tool normally ofsaid base.

2. A grinding wheel dressing apparatus comprising a base, a cross slideassembly mounted for movement along said base, said cross slide assemblyincluding a T-shaped housing, a first slide mounted in the head portionof said T- shaped housing, and supporting thereon a pair of cams, meansconnected to said first slide and cams for reciprocally moving saidslide and earns along said head and transversely of the movement of saidcross slide assembly, a fixed pin mounted on said base and contactingone of said cams, and a second slide having a cam follower contactingthe other of said cams and movable longitudinally of the stem portion ofsaid T-shaped housing and said base, a dressing tool having a slidemounted for vertical movement on the stem portion of the T-shapedhousing, said second slide carrying a ratio cam and a pin mounted on thetool supporting slide contacting said ratio cam whereby verticalmovement of said tool slide is effected when said second slide is movedlongitudinally of said base.

3. A grinding wheel dressing apparatus comprising a base, a cross slideassembly mounted for movement along said base, said cross slide assemblyincluding a housing, a first slide mounted in said housing andsupporting thereon a pair of cams, means connected to said first slideand cams for reciprocably moving said slide and earns transversely ofthe movement of said cross slide assembly, a fixed pin mounted on saidbase and contacting one of said cams for determining longitudinalmovement of said cross slide assembly along said base, and a secondslide having a cam follower contacting the other of said cams andmovable longitudinally of said base and parallel to the movement of saidcross slide assembly, a dressing tool having a slide mounted forvertical movement on said housing and contacting and operated by saidsecond slide, said second slide carrying a ratio cam contacting thedressing tool slide for operating the dressing tool slide wherebyvertical movement or said tool slide is efiected when said second slidemoves longitudinally of said base.

4. A ginding wheel dressing apparatus comprising a base, a cross slideassembly mounted for movement alon said base, said cross slide assemblyincluding a housing, a first slide mounted in said housing andsupporting thereon a pair of cams, means connected to said first slideand cams for reciprocably moving said slide and cams transversely of themovement of said cross slide assembly, a pin mounted on said base andcontacting one of said cams, and a second slide having a cam followercontacting the other of said cams and movable longitudinally of saidbase and parallel to movement of said cross slide assembly, a dressingtool having a slide mounted for vertical movement on said housing, saidsecond slide connected to said tool supporting slide whereby verticalmovement of said tool slide is effected when said. second slide moveslongitudinally of said base, and means adjustably supporting said pin onsaid base whereby the position of said slide assembly on said base canbe determined, and means urging said cross slide assembly and said camagainst said pin.

5. A grinding wheel dressing apparatus including an elongated basehaving cavities provided at one end thereof, a cross slide assemblymounted on said base for movement along said base, spring means mountedwithin said cavities and contacting said cross slide assembly for urgingsaid assembly in one direction along said base, and means including apin on said base for limiting movement of said cross slide assembly bysaid spring means, said cross slide assembly including a housing, afirst slide within said housing and supporting a pair of cam members,said slide being movable transversely of said base, one of said camscontacting said pin for causing movement of said housing longitudinallyof said base when said slide moves transversely of said base, amechanism including a vertically movable dressing tool support mountedon said housing, and a second slide and cam mechanism positioned betweenand contacting the other of said cams on said first slide and thesupport for said tool, said housing being moved longitudinally alongsaid base and said tool support being moved vertically with respect tosaid base when said slide supporting said cam is reciprocatedtransversely of said base.

6. A grinding wheel dressing apparatus including an elongated base, across slide assembly ti; mounted on said base for movement along saidbase, and means including a pin for determining movement of said crossslide assembly, said cross slide assembly including a housing, a firstslide within said housing and supporting a pair of cam members, one ofsaid cam members being of elongated triangular form and the other havinga form of irregular shape for determining the contour on the wheel beingdressed, said pin contacting the elongated triangular shaped cam forcausing movement of said housing along said base, a second mechanismincluding a vertically movabl dressing tool support, and a slide and cammechanism positioned between and contacting the cam of irregular shapeon said first slide and the second mechanism, said housing being movedlongitudinally and said tool support being moved vertically with respectto the longitudinal axis of said elongated base when said first slidesupporting said cams is reciprocated.

'7. A contour dressing apparatus for a grinding wheel and including abase, a housing mounted on and slidable along said base, means supportedby said housing for causing movement of said housing along said bas andincluding a slide within said housing movable transversely of the moverent of said housing and a cam mounted on said slide, means fixed to saidbase and contacting said cam for determining movement of said housingwhen slide is mo ed, a tool support mounted on said housing and movablerelative thereto in a drection normal to the movement or said housin cammechanism supported by said housing and contacting sai' tool support andhaving a follower contacting said slide for moving said tool supportwhen said housing is moved, and a dressing tool assembly mounted on saidtool support and comprising a pair of oppositely disposed diamondholders, each supporting a diamond tool for dressing like contours on agrinding wheel when said dressing tool assembly is moved thereacross.

8. A grinding wheel dressing apparatu cc. prising a base, a cross slideassembly mounted for movement along said base, said cross slid assemblyincluding a housing, a first slide mounted in said housing andsupporting thereo a pair of cams, mean connected to said slide and camsfor reciprocally moving said slide and cams transversely of the movementof said cross slide assembly, a fixed pin mounted on said base andcontacting one of said cams for determining 1ongitudinal movement ofsaid cross slide assembly along said base and a second slide having acam follower contacting th other Of said cams and movable longitudinallyof said base and parallel to the movement of said cross slide assembly,a dressing tool mounted for movement on said housing and contacting saidsecond slide for operation by said second slide, said second slidecarrying a cam contacting said dressing tool for op erating the dressingtool when said second slide moves longitudinally of said base.

9. A grinding wheel dressing apparatus comprising a base, a cross slideassembly mounted for movement along said base, said cross slide assemblyincluding a housing, a first slide mounted in said housing andsupporting thereon a pair of cams, means connected to said first slideand cams for reciprocally moving said slide and cams transversely of themovement of said cross slide assembly, a pin mounted on said base andcon tacting one of said cams and a second slide having a cam followercontacting the other of said cams and movable longitudinally of saidbase and mam parallel to movement of said cross slide assembly, adressing tool having a slid mounted for movement on said housing, saidsecond slide connected to said tool supporting slide whereby movement ofsaid tool slide is affected when said second slide moves longitudinallyof said base, and means urging said cross slide assembly and said camagainst said pin.

10. A contour dressing apparatus for a grinding wheel and including abase, a housing mounted on and slidable along said base, means supportedby said housing for causing movement of said housing along said base andincluding a first slid within said housing and a cam mounted on saidfirst slide, means fixed to said base and contacting said cam fordetermining movement of said housing when said first slide is moved, atool support mounted on said housing and movable relative thereto in adirection normal to the movement of said housing, cam mechanismsupported by said housing and mounted on a second slide and contactingsaid tool support and having a follower contacting said first slide formoving said tool support when said housing is moved, and a dressing toolmounted on said tool support for dressing a contour on the grindingwheel when said dressing tool is moved thereacross.

11. A grinding wheel contour dressing apparatus including a base, across slide housing assembly slidably mounted on said base for movementin one direction along said base and comprising a housing, a first slidewithin said housing slidably supported therein and movable normal tosaid one direction, and means on said base operatively connected withsaid slide for causing movement of said housing in said one directionalong said base, a second slide within said housing slidably supportedthereby and movable nor mal to the movement of said housing and relativethereto and normal to the movement of said 10 l 4 o first slide andmeans connecting said first slide and said second slide for controllingmovement of said second slide and a dressing tool mounted on said secondslide.

2. A grinding wheel contour dressing apparatus including a base, ahousing on and slidable along said base, means supported by said housingfor causing movement of said housing along said base and including aslide and a cam within said housing and slidable transversely of themovement of said housing and a pin fixed to said base contacting saidcam for determining movement of said housing when said slide is moved, atool support mounted on said housing and movable relative thereto in adirection normal to the movement of said housing, cam mechanismsupported by said housing contacting said tool support and actuated whensaid housing is moved relative to said base and a dressing tool assemblymounted on said tool support and comprising a pair of oppositelydisposed diamond holders each supporting a diamond tool fordressing-contours on a grinding wheel when said dressing tool assemblyis moved thereacross, a mechanism positioned between and contacting saidcam mechanism and said slide for controlling movement of said toolsupport for determining the contour on said grinding wheel.

NILS HOGLUND.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 2,159,207 Godfriaux May 23, 1939 2,317,411 Seyferth Sept. 27,1943 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 398,841 Great Britain Sept. 19,1933 521,257 Great Britain May 16, 1940

